![]() Phenol is also a versatile precursor to a large collection of drugs, most notably aspirin but also many herbicides and pharmaceutical drugs. ![]() Nonionic detergents are produced by alkylation of phenol to give the alkylphenols, e.g., nonylphenol, which are then subjected to ethoxylation. Partial hydrogenation of phenol gives cyclohexanone, a precursor to nylon. ![]() Condensation of phenol, alkylphenols, or diphenols with formaldehyde gives phenolic resins, a famous example of which is Bakelite. Condensation with acetone gives bisphenol-A, a key precursor to polycarbonates and epoxide resins. The major uses of phenol, consuming two thirds of its production, involve its conversion to precursors for plastics. 8 - 12 it is in equilibrium with the phenolate anion C 6H 5O − (also called phenoxide): C 6 H 5 OH ↽ − − ⇀ C 6 H 5 O − + H + The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble. Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M). 2.3.1 Hydrolysis of benzenesulfonic acid.
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